When Adam disobeyed God and chose to go against God’s will, the Bible teaches he was representing (acting on behalf of) all humanity. When he sinned, we all sinned ‘in him’ (Rom. 5:12; 5:19). All humanity was doomed! However, from early on God graciously entered into a “unique / special ” relationship (Covenant) with select families (e.g. Noah – Gen. 6:18; 9:9 / Abram – Gen. 17:4). These people were “His people” and his “treasured possession” (Ex. 19:3-6; Deut. 7:6). In time they became known as the Jews or the Israelites. God promised to bless the world through them (Gen. 26:4; Gal. 3:8-9). A promise fulfilled many years later with the birth of Jesus to a young Jewish couple. This Jesus was the promised Messiah, the Savior of the world!
Thousands of years before Jesus was born, God entered into covenant with Abram and with his “seed” – his children, his offspring (Gen. 17:1-2, 7). This covenant bound God and this family-line together in a covenant relationship that had two components: (1) God promised to bless them (protect, provide for, guide, save, etc.) and (2) God required loyalty and obedience (honor, serve, worship, etc.) (Deut. 7-8). This was an everlasting covenant with Abram and his “seed” (Gen 17:7). In the NT, Christians are identified as the true “seed” of Abraham (Rom. 4:13,18; 9:6-8). Christians alone, whether Jew or Gentile, are the covenant beneficiaries of the promises God made to Abraham thousands of years ago! The ultimate covenant statement found in Scripture is, “I will be your God, you will be my people” (Lev. 26:12; Jer. 7:23; 11:4; Ezek. 36:28).
Throughout history this God-blessed covenant community has been perpetuated and sustained through children being born into covenant families. In the OT it was through those whose ethnic heritage could be traced back to Abraham/Isaac. In the NT, with the coming of Christ, God’s covenant people no longer have an ethnic identity but consists of all who put their faith in Christ along with their household. The reason we say “along with their household” is that in addition to the OT record of God covenanting with patriarchs and their families, we have examples in the NT of family heads converting to Christ and their whole “household” is baptized along with them (Acts 16:15-16; 30-34; also see Luke 19:8-9; Acts 11:13-14; 18:8). Whether all these household members were true converts at the time is unknown, but what is obvious is they are included within the covenant community of believers by their relationship to the family head. And as churches were being formed these household members were included in these new congregations.
The greatest blessing covenant members enjoy is eternal life! In both OT and NT eras this requires a repentant heart and a faith-based relationship with God (Rom. 1:16-17; 4:9-16). When a child is “born into the covenant” in our time (with at least one parent a born-again believer in Jesus Christ) they are blessed (early on exposure to the gospel, is one huge blessing) but this does not mean they have eternal life. In other words, it does not mean they are born again by the Holy Spirit simply because they were birthed by a Christian parent! History, however, reveals that covenant children, more often than not, do embrace Christ as their Lord and Savior and do follow in the footsteps of their believing parent/s.
If a “covenant child” grows up and rejects the Gospel; if they are unwilling to put their faith in Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior, they become covenant breakers. When they marry, if neither they nor their spouse are believers, their children are not “holy” (see below). They are not born into the blessings and spiritual protection enjoyed by members of the covenant of God. However, again, history reveals that when we are talking about a single generation departure from the faith, it’s not unusual to see God honoring the prayers and ministry of Christian grandparents! We often see grandchildren accepting Christ and being restored to covenant membership with the blessing this brings to their own children in due time.
1 Cor. 7:13-16
If any woman has a husband who is an unbeliever, and he consents to live with her, she should not divorce him. 14 For the unbelieving husband is made holy because of his wife, and the unbelieving wife is made holy because of her husband. Otherwise, your children would be unclean, but as it is, they are holy. 15 But if the unbelieving partner separates, let it be so. In such cases the brother or sister is not enslaved. God has called you to peace. 16 For how do you know, wife, whether you will save your husband? Or how do you know, husband, whether you will save your wife?
[Keep in mind Paul is writing to Christians living in Corinth – a very godless, pagan city. He is talking about previously married unbelievers where one spouse has since become a Christian. We don’t know to what degree the unbelieving spouse continues to be involved in all the Godless culture of the city.]
From this passage, what does Scripture say about those in familial relations with a Christian:
“…unbelieving husband/wife is made holy” (holy means ‘set apart’)
- Does not mean they are ‘saved’, as seen in v.16. I suggest Paul means they have been “set apart” from ‘unexamined’ godless living and in marital union with a believer are now associated with the people of God. They will presumably come to understand the gospel (v.16) and will be positively influenced by the ministry of the Spirit who is active in and through their believing spouse and the other covenant members.
“…your children would be unclean”
- They would be outside the blessing and protection of the covenant community that has God’s promise of loving care.
“…they [your children] are holy”
- By birth, they are part of the covenant community; they inherit covenant blessings as well as covenant responsibilities.
Now again this does not mean that the spouse or the child of a believer is, or will become, a born-again child of God. But it does mean that they are under the blessing, influence, and protection that all God’s people receive from the Holy Spirit. There is every hope that they will one day publicly confess their faith in Jesus as Savior and will give witness to their commitment to obey Him as Lord and King.
Blessings of the Covenant. What are some examples of the blessings a child receives growing up within the covenant community of God’s people?
- Early on exposure to the gospel.
- Being taught life principles from the Bible; how to function according to God’s design for human behavior and avoid the heartache and soap-opera complexity so many live with.
- Benefit from God’s pleasure to reward the faith and obedience of the adult believers they live among.
- Benefit from the fruit of the Spirit being developed in the adult believers caring for them. The peace, the joy, the kindness, the gentleness, etc.
- Benefit from growing up among those committed to moral and ethical integrity.
- It is a much safer and far less abusive environment for children to live among men who fear the Lord and seek to honor him